NUCLEAR THREAT INITIATIVE INC
1776 I Street NW 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20006 www.nti.org

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Organizations Filed Purposes: NTI is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization working to develop innovative solutions to respond to the world's greatest threats. We design and implement projects with partners around the world to directly reduce threats from nuclear, biological, radiological, and chemical weapons, show governments the way on threat reduction, and build momentum and support for action on a larger scale.

NTI is a nonpartisan nonprofit global security organization focused on reducing nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity.

Global Biological Policy and Programs (BIO). 2019 was another year of major investment by NTI in enhancing global biosecurity and reducing global catastrophic biological risks. In 2019, BIO worked to identify and promote action to urgently fill gaps in countries' capacities to mitigate the effects of a high-consequence biological event, identify steps and build new global consensus to reduce biological risks associated with advances in technology, engaged policymakers to raise awareness about the potential for global catastrophic biological risks, strengthened support for the Biological Weapons Convention, raised the profile of biosecurity in global health forums, and more. In 2019, in partnership with the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security and The Economist Intelligence Unit, BIO released the inaugural edition of the Global Health Security Index (GHS Index), the first comprehensive assessment and benchmarking of health security and related capabilities across 195 countries. The GHS Index was developed over two years with an international panel of experts from 13 countries and includes individual country profiles. The GHS Index team developed 33 recommendations for action by individual countries and the international community. Findings and recommendations-along with a downloadable Excel data model, maps and other visualizations, a score simulator, and much more-are available at www.ghsindex.org. In 2019, BIO expanded its efforts to reduce the risks posed by potential high-consequence biological events that pose severe or population-wide risks to human lives and threaten global economic and political stability. BIO strengthened the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) by supporting the BWC Working Capital Fund, convened experts to build a stronger case to prioritize action to counter global catastrophic biological risks, develop new approaches to reduce future biological weapons risks, and - in partnership with the Center for Global Development - develop innovative solutions for early detection and rapid response to GCBRs. In 2019, the program continued the work of its Biosecurity Innovation and Risk Reduction Initiative, a multiyear effort that seeks to identify, develop, publicize, and promote actions to reduce global catastrophic biological risks associated with advances in technology. The Biosecurity Innovation and Risk Reduction Initiative convened international scientific leaders and technical experts to develop global incentives for the adoption of biosecurity norms and standards. Participants explored a set of new ideas to reduce the likelihood of biotechnology catastrophe. In 2019, BIO built consensus to launch an international common mechanism for safe and secure DNA synthesis screening, publishing a report in partnership with the World Economic Forum that was discussed during the January 2020 Davos meetings, "Biosecurity Innovation and Risk Reduction: A Global Framework for Accessible, Safe, and Secure DNA Synthesis." BIO also made progress on groundwork for a biotechnology funders' compact, mechanisms for mitigating biological risks throughout the lifecycle of a bioscience project, and momentum toward the establishment of an international entity aimed at identifying and reducing biotechnology risks. BIO also expanded its Global Biosecurity Dialogue, which brings together senior government officials to identify measurable actions to improve biosecurity and biosafety capacities, as measured by the World Health Organization Joint External Evaluation or the GHS Index. In 2019 BIO partnered with the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) to support a new effort - the African Union/Africa CDC Initiative to Strengthen Biosafety and Biosecurity -which was established in 2019 as an outcome of NTI's 2018 Global Biosecurity Dialogue. This Africa-wide initiative seeks to accelerate collective, centralized action to reduce accidental and deliberate biological risks in Africa, and NTI supported new workshops in 2019 to support this effort. BIO also continues to support the Global Health Security Agenda Action Package on Biosafety and Biosecurity and is partnering with Thailand, Indonesia, and experts in Latin America to expand regional biosecurity activities and promote system biosecurity change. Finally, in 2019, BIO launched a new Track 1.5 biosecurity dialogue with the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association, continued its Next Generation for Biosecurity contest, and continued to engage Congressional stakeholders to advance biosecurity and pandemic preparedness.

Global Nuclear Policy Program (GNPP).In 2019, GNPP continued to work with governments, partner organizations, and influential voices around the world to develop, sustain, and build support for effective policies to reduce reliance on nuclear weapons and prevent their spread and their use anywhere in the world. GNPP engaged in public and private efforts to promote Euro-Atlantic Security, preserve and strengthen arms control and strategic stability with Russia, encourage diplomatic efforts to denuclearize the Korean Peninsula, and enhance the global nuclear nonproliferation regime. In 2019, NTI released a report titled Building Security Through Cooperation, which proposed an approach to denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula based on cooperative threat reduction and met with senior officials in the United States and around the world to promote such an approach. NTI published an open-source technical review of Russia's new nuclear weapon delivery systems, along with a companion assessment of the arms control and strategic stability implications of those systems. NTI also published a legal analysis of presidential authority to order the use of nuclear weapons and proposed ways to strengthen executive branch procedures and congressional consultation surrounding such a decision. NTI continued efforts to encourage nuclear risk reduction with Russia, including through an article in Foreign Affairs emphasizing the need for the United States and Russia to resume dialogue on nuclear and strategic issues, and a statement by the NTI-sponsored Euro-Atlantic Security Leadership Group on the need for crisis management dialogue in the Euro-Atlantic region. In preparation for the 50th anniversary of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the Review Conference which had been planned for 2020, NTI in 2019 convened an international group of key government officials and non-governmental experts to develop ideas for practical actions and commitments to strengthen the global nonproliferation regime. Through its support for the Euro-Atlantic Security Leadership Group, European Leadership Network, the Asia-Pacific Leadership Network, and the Younger Generation Leaders Network, NTI continued its efforts to develop and collaborate with international leaders committed to reducing the risks of nuclear weapons.

Communications and Public Education.In 2019, NTI launched its Safer World campaign, to generate visibility for nuclear policy issues in the context of the 2020 U.S. elections. Presidential campaign years offer a critical opportunity to raise important security issues and hold candidates accountable for their answers.To this end, NTI sponsored polling in 13 states on nuclear issues and shared these results with the public, presidential candidates and the media. In Iowa and New Hampshire, NTI held on-the-ground events to encourage voters to demand plans from leaders on how they will address the threats we face today and those we will pass on to future generations. In 2019, NTI also supported our program goals through a range of communications tools, ranging from strategic messaging, digital tools, social media, print production, and earned media. The Communications team worked closely with NTI | bio on the Global Health Security (GHS) Index, producing a new website, a 200+ page report, a video, a social media campaign, and media outreach. The Washington Post editorial board featured the Index, noting that "the world flunked." Press in more than 20 countries covered the GHS Index, including the United Kingdom's Daily Mail, Singapore's the Strait Times, South Africa's the Herald, and India's Press Trust of India. The Index quickly became a critical resource for policy influencers in public health, finance, and security. The website has won two awards: a Platinum AVA Digital Award in the Creativity (Web Design)/Web Infographics Category and a Communicator Award for "Excellence/Website for Health" from the Academy of Interactive & Visual Arts. Other key areas for program support included reports capturing Phase II of the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification (IPNDV), a groundbreaking study, Building Security Through Cooperation: Report of the NTI Working Group on Cooperative Threat Reduction with North Korea; The President and Nuclear Weapons: Authorities, Limits, and Process; Preventing a Dirty Bomb; and Russia's New Nuclear Weapon Delivery Systems: An Open-Source Technical Review. Communications worked in close partnership with NTI | bio on a tabletop exercise held at the Munich Security Conference. The team produced video news stories to explain the scenario and produced the final report, A Spreading Plague: Lessons and Recommendations for Responding to a Deliberate Biological Event. NTI continued its on-the-record seminar series, which features leading global security experts, authors, and industry professionals sharing their perspectives and expertise. NTI's Communications and Public Education team also continued to place high-profile op-eds and generated numerous TV appearances by Ernest Moniz, Sam Nunn and top NTI staff, advancing policy recommendations on topics including US-Russia relations, North Korea, Iran, biosecurity and more. Outlets included The Washington Post, CNN, MSNBC, The New York Times, The Hill, and Health Security. NTI maintained our unparalleled online library which includes country profiles, interactive maps and models, databases, tutorials, and infographics related to nuclear, biological, radiological, and chemical weapons. The library is frequently cited by academia, media and governments.

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